אַיֶּלֶת שַׁחַר (Deer Dawn) or Deer of the Dawn is likely the title of the musical composition to which this Psalm was played. Perhaps, that was a popular tune or a well-orchestrated musical composition of that day. Some see Christ as the deer of the dawn. He is as the swift deer upon the mountains of spices in Song of Songs 8:14. He is like the doe Naphtali who bears beautiful fawns in Genesis 49:21. Psalm 22:20-21 describes Him as needing saved from the power of the dog, saved from the lion’s mouth, and rescued from the horns of the wild oxen.
This Psalm may be applied to David, or any other child of God who is overwhelmed with grief and earnestly crying out for relief. When David felt forsaken by God, he asked God, “Why?”
Psalm 22:1 certainly applies to Christ. According to Matthew 27:46, Jesus spoke the exact words of Psalm 22:1, “My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?” while He hung upon the cross. Christ cried earnestly to His Father, yet He forsook Him. God delivered Him into the hands of His murderers. Isaiah 53:10 prophesies, “It pleased the Lord to bruise Him.” The sins of the world were placed on Christ. Thus, He also bore the wrath of God for these sins.
“But You are holy, enthroned in the praises of Israel. Our fathers trusted in You. They trusted, and You delivered them. They cried to You and were delivered. They trusted in You and were not ashamed.” Psalm 22:3-5
Psalm 22:3-5 seems to speak of Palm Sunday. On that day, many of the people of Israel sang loud Hosanna’s to their Messiah King Jesus. They had waited for His arrival. Now, He was here just as He said He would be. Those, like Anna and Simeon, who believed they would see Messiah come during their lifetimes, did so. The Pharisees urged Jesus to silence those who sang His praises. In Luke 19:40, Jesus told them, “I tell you that if these should keep silent, the stones would immediately cry out.” Yes, it was proper and right for Israel to enthrone the Lord with their praises.
Hebrews 13:8 says, “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday, today, and forever.” As He worked in the past with our forefathers of the faith, He is willing to work with us, if we will let Him. Are we willing to be a part of His ministry of healing broken bodies, broken hearts, and broken dreams? If so, we should trust God as our Christian forefathers did. In Acts 4:29-30, they prayed, “Lord... grant to Your servants that with all boldness they may speak Your word, by stretching out Your hand to heal, and that signs and wonders may be done through the Name of Your holy Servant Jesus.”
“But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised by the people. All those who see Me ridicule Me. They shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, ‘He trusted in the Lord, let Him rescue Him. Let Him deliver Him, since He delights in Him!’ But You are He who took Me out of the womb. You made Me trust while on My mother’s breasts. I was cast upon You from birth. From My mother’s womb You have been My God.” Psalm 22:6-10
On Palm Sunday, there were praises for Jesus. On Good Friday, there were curses. He was treated as a worm. It was a great condescension that the Son of God became man; yet, as if it were too much, too great, to be a man, he becomes a worm, and no man. Isaiah 52:14 says He took upon him the form of a servant, and his visage was marred more than any man’s. If He had not made Himself a worm, He could not have been trampled upon as He was. The word signifies such a worm as was used in dyeing scarlet or purple, whence some make it an allusion to His bloody sufferings. He was reproached as a bad man, as a blasphemer, a sabbath-breaker, a wine-bibber, a false prophet, an enemy to Caesar, a confederate with the prince of the devils. [1]
Jesus was ridiculed as one that not only deceived others, but Himself too. Those that saw him hanging on the cross laughed him to scorn. David was sometimes taunted for his confidence in God, but in the sufferings of Christ this was literally and exactly fulfilled. Matthew 27:39 says that the people shook their heads at Jesus, fulfilling this Psalm. In Matthew 27:43, His enemies used the very words of Psalm 22, saying, “Let Him [God] deliver Him, since He delights in Him!”
In Matthew 5:11-12, Jesus taught, “Blessed are you when they revile and persecute you, and say all kinds of evil against you falsely for My sake. Rejoice and be exceedingly glad, for great is your reward in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.” Jesus now has a name that is exalted above every other name. When we suffer for His Name’s sake, may God grant us the grace to be exceedingly glad. We shall receive a great reward in heaven.
Twisted thinkers treated Christ cruelly, but amidst the pain, He remembered that God took Him from His mother’s womb to her breasts where He nursed comfortably. God had been with Him when He was born in the manger. God rescued Him from the massacre in Bethlehem. He sent Him to Egypt. Then, Hosea 11:1 says, “God called the Son whom He loved out of Egypt.” Then, at His baptism, in Matthew 3:17, His Father declared in a loud voice from heaven, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” Yes, God abhorred the sin He bore but not Him.
To feel as a worm is to feel worthless. Yet, Jesus helped so many people! He opened blind eyes, made the lame to walk again, caused the mute to speak again, cleansed the lepers, rebuked evil spirits from harassing people, resurrected the dead and spoke the words of eternal life.
“Be not far from Me, for trouble is near; for there is none to help. Many bulls have surrounded Me. Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled Me. They gape at Me with their mouths, like a raging and roaring lion.” Psalm 22:11-13
The strong bulls of Bashan represent the religious authorities. People of high rank, well-fed and fat! They gored Christ with bitter taunting. The dogs likely refer to the Roman soldiers who gambled for possession of His garment. The priests gaped opened their mouths at Christ like roaring lions. They were brave during His humiliation but feared afterwards when they were told that He had resurrected from the dead. Matthew 27:52-54 says, “The graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints who had fallen asleep were raised; and coming out of the graves after His resurrection, they went into the holy city and appeared to many.” I imagine that the priests who shouted at Christ’s crucifixion, were less expressive after His resurrection.
“I am poured out like water, and all My bones are out of joint. My heart is like wax. It has melted within Me. My strength is dried up like a potsherd, and My tongue clings to My jaws. You have brought Me to the dust of death. For dogs have surrounded Me. The congregation of the wicked has enclosed Me. They pierced My hands and My feet. I can count all My bones. They look and stare at Me. They divide My garments among them, and for My clothing they cast lots.” Psalm 22:14-18
Jesus has been poured out like water, namely His blood is everywhere. His lips are dry. All His joints throb with pain. Care was taken that not one of His bones should be broken (John 19:36), but they were all out of joint by the violent stretching of His body upon the cross as upon a rack. [2]
His heart is melted. He is weak.
He said, “My tongue cleaves to My jaws.” This speechlessness fulfilled Isaiah 53:7-8, which says, “He was led as a sheep to the slaughter and as a lamb before its shearer is silent, so He opened not His mouth.” His tongue likely clings to His jaws because of dry mouth. He is dehydrated from loosing so much blood. His body is beginning to shut down. [3]
“You have brought Me to the dust of death” means God’s just wrath on sin brought Jesus to the grave to taste death for every one of us. A sinless human life had to be sacrificed for all of the rest of us who have sinned. [4]
Crucifixion had never been used among the Jews, but here hundreds of years before it’s occurrence, the Holy Spirit inspired David to write, “They pierced my hands and my feet.” [5]
“I can count all my bones.” Jesus was not a glutton as some falsely accused Him. As He hung on the cross, the shapes of His bones could be seen under the thin layers of flesh on His body.
What did they do with the clothes of Jesus? They took them from Him and cast lots for them according to Psalms 22:18. This very circumstance was fulfilled exactly in John 19:23-24. While the Son of God died for their sins, the soldiers played games with the garment that should have covered His shame.
“But You, O Lord, do not be far from Me. O, My Strength, hasten to help Me! Deliver Me from the sword. My precious life from the power of the dog. Save Me from the lion’s mouth and from the horns of the wild oxen! You have answered Me. I will declare Your Name to My brethren. In the midst of the assembly, I will praise You.” Psalm 22:19-22
Christ earnestly prayed that the cup of suffering might pass from Him. He fell upon the ground and prayed. God sent an angel to strengthen Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane. Then, the “dog,” Judas Iscariot, showed up and behind him the “lions” and “wild oxen.” They came at Jesus with swords and clubs. They awarded Him hatred for His love. But God had answered His Son’s prayer by giving Him the strength He needed to face His enemies in this hour. What a tremendous witness Christ was to His “brothers.” In John 19:8-9, Jesus told the armed mob of soldiers, “I have told you that I am He. Therefore, if you seek Me, let these go their way.” This saying fulfilled that which was written of Messiah, “Of those whom You gave Me I have lost none.”
“You who fear the Lord, praise Him! All you descendants of Jacob, glorify Him, and fear Him, all you offspring of Israel! For He has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted. Nor has He hidden His face from Him, but when He cried to Him, He heard.” Psalm 22:23-24
Jesus was accused of being “a friend of sinners.” Peter said of Him, “God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him.” In 2 Corinthians 8:9. Paul wrote of Him, “For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sakes He became poor, that you through His poverty might become rich.” When a thief on a cross next to Him asked to be remembered by Him when He came into His kingdom, Jesus told him, “Today, you will be with Me in paradise.”
“My praise shall be of You in the great assembly. I will pay My vows before those who fear Him. The poor shall eat and be satisfied. Those who seek Him will praise the Lord. Let your heart live forever!” Psalm 22:25-26
Due to the Holy Spirit’s work in David’s life, he wanted to praise the Lord in a great assembly. Jesus declared the Good News to great assemblies of people. The apostles preached to a great assembly of people in Acts 2:31. About 3,000 souls were converted that day! Evangelist Billy Graham preached to great assemblies of people. These great assemblies are possible thanks to what Jesus did for us on the cross and at the empty tomb, and because His Holy Spirit is at work in the world today.
“All the ends of the world shall remember and turn to the Lord, and all the families of the nations shall worship before You. For the kingdom is the Lord’s, and He rules over the nations. All the prosperous of the earth shall eat and worship. All those who go down to the dust shall bow before Him, even he who cannot keep himself alive. A posterity shall serve Him. It will be recounted of the Lord to the next generation. They will come and declare His righteousness to a people who will be born, that He has done this.” Psalm 22:27-31
The Jews had long been the only professing people of God, but since Christ came, all people of the world have been welcomed into God’s family through faith in Christ. [6]
All the ends of the world shall remember and turn to the Lord, that is, be converted. Serious reflection is the first step toward conversion. We must consider and turn. The prodigal came first to himself, and then to his father.
Now, people from the nations have turned to the Lord. The day is fast approaching when Jesus will return. All who have loved His appearing will rejoice with exceedingly great joy!
Psalm 22 was likely written by King David around 1044 BC. The Psalm is a Messianic prophecy. [7] In Psalm 22 the Lord describes in detail many of the events that happened during Holy Week.
In the next Psalm, Psalm 23, David does not speak of God being far from him. He declares that the Lord is His shepherd. The Lord is with David in his darkest moments. The Lord brings him to dwell in the house of God forever. Psalm 23 is the outcome of Psalm 22.
At the cross and at the empty tomb, Jesus made a way for whoever believes in Him to dwell in the house of the Lord forever. I am a believer in Jesus Christ. I hope and pray that you are too.
[1] Matthew Henry Commentary (edited for easy reading purposes)